Drone Threats and Counter-measures
‘Drones are five years ahead of autonomous cars’...
Pringle, who has built drones used on the sets of Game of Thrones, Star Wars and James Bond productions, warns that this aerial threat undermines prevailing risk strategies.
The assertion is certainly supported by the wealth of examples of drones bypassing conventional security defences. For instance, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have menaced Moscow over the summer, disrupted sporting events, crashed into a nuclear plant, smuggled drugs into prisons, collided with an airplane and notoriously disrupted flights at Gatwick Airport.
Worse still, those seeking to defend against drones – whether it’s private organisations, the military or law enforcement – are still struggling to tackle the drone technology of five years ago, let alone rapidly emerging capabilities.
The Ukraine war theatre in particular has been a hotbed of innovation at the DIY user level. For instance, Ukrainian drones have dropped bombs made with energy drink cans and a 3D printer and dropped surrendering instructions to a Russian soldier and escorted him to his captors.
Since Pringle’s presentation at IFSEC, buildings in Moscow have been damaged by overnight drone attacks, and the Kremlin has reported shooting down several more attempts.
Pringle says he has long sounded the alarm on a “massive vulnerability” whereby activists, terrorists or mischief-makers could “use drones to drop things”.
“Everyone understands the copycat threat when it comes to security and terrorism,” says the tech futurist, who has previously advised counterterror units and the Ministry of Defence on the evolving drone threat. However, he says the menace posed by “14 or 15 year olds” with inexpensive consumer drones is underappreciated.
Drones can be detected by radar, radio frequency (RF) analyzers, acoustic sensors and optical sensors.
High-tech solutions for neutralising drones include RF jammers, GPS spoofers, high-energy lasers and high-power microwave (HPM) devices, while anti-drone nets and birds of prey offer low tech alternatives.
However, all methods for detecting and disabling, destroying or seizing control of drones have drawbacks. For instance, RF jammers are less effective on pre-programmed drones that fly without GPS, can disrupt emergency communication signals and are usually illegal.
Pringle wants “more people to understand what drone capabilities are” and their utility in deterring and countering hostile drones.
“I firmly believe it’s one of the few situations when you can fight fire with fire,” he says. “If you’ve got a drone incursion then you need to be able to put another drone up to counter it.”
Pringle believes “drones are five years ahead of autonomous cars” in their ability to act autonomously. “Drones are using AI to the point where it’s so [fine]-tuned that they can pretty much get to the point of [autonomous] decision-making,” he says.
Pringle, who once showcased mine-detecting drone swarms at the House of Commons, says he knows of US-based drone developers who can now deploy “collaboratives drones”, where “one drone could do a survey and then other drones can be launched to do other specific activities.”
The ability of today’s drones to execute complex tasks in concert is illustrated by numerous videos of spectacular fireworks and light shows created by drone swarms.
These capabilities also point to the growing utility of drones in the context of emergency situations.
“Drones are using AI to the point where it’s so fine-tuned that they can pretty much get to the point of autonomous decision-making…”
“If there’s a road accident or a security incident, how do we get a swarm of drones to [patrol the perimeter] or undertake tasks?” says Pringle.
Their primary goal, he says, could be creating 3D images that provide situational awareness before humans enter a scene, rather than “functioning on human assumption”.
Pringle says his experiences in the film business offer lessons for training and recruiting drone pilots in the security arena. “In the movie world you’ve either got a good pilot or a good cameraman – you never get a good cameraman who’s also a good pilot. It just doesn’t work like that.”
Similarly, “you’re going to get good security people and good drone pilots”.
Yet “there are lots of people who fast-track using these devices without understanding” how to use them, Pringle warns – a serious concern given drones are “very prone to human error”.
In the right hands, “these technologies are lovely to have”, he says, but “in the wrong hands they’re a liability”.
Read more drone and counter-drone insight on IFSEC Insider from the following articles:
Security in 3D: How rising drone use is ushering in a new threat vector for data centres
There's a drone at my critical national infrastructure site - now what?
Two police forces achieve third party certification for drone use by Surveillance Camera Commissioner
Counter-drone technology deployed in UK airports to protect from airspace threat
Counter drone tactics: Which drones are a real threat, and which aren’t?
